Gold Medal Software 3

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Wrap

Assembly Source File | 1993-11-18 | 70KB | 2,036 lines

; PMODE v2.1232 raw, DPMI, VCPI, & XMS compliant protected mode header. ; By Tran (a.k.a. Thomas Pytel) of Renaissance. .386p jumps LOWMIN = 0 ; minimum free low memory (in K) EXTMIN = 0 ; minimum free extended memory (in K) STAKLEN = 500h ; stack size in para (keep below or = 1000h) STAKSAFE = 20h ; safe stack space in para code16 segment para public use16 code16 ends code32 segment para public use32 code32 ends codeend segment para stack use32 'stack' codeend ends ;▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ ; Real mode and 16bit code ;▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ code16 segment para public use16 assume cs:code16, ds:code16 org 0 ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 16 bit common system data ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ errmsg0 db '386 or better not detected!!!',7,'$' errmsg1 db 'Not enough low memory!!!',7,'$' errmsg2 db 'This system is already in V86 mode!!!',7,'$' errmsg3 db 'Not enough extended memory!!!',7,'$' errmsg4 db 'Couldn''t enable A20 gate!!!',7,'$' errmsg5 db 'Extended memory allocation failure. (weird eh???)',7,'$' nullint db 0cfh ; IRET instruction exitrout dw exit ; exit routine, modified if XMS, VCPI savedstakoff dw ? ; current saved stack offset savedstakseg dw ? ; current saved stack segment ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 16 bit common system code ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ intreal: ; real mode int, load FS and GS here pushf ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- callreal: ; real mode call, load FS and GS here push cs push offset icreald mov fs,cs:v86r_fs mov gs,cs:v86r_gs mov eax,cs:v86r_eax mov ecx,cs:v86r_ecx mov edx,cs:v86r_edx mov ebx,cs:v86r_ebx mov esi,cs:v86r_esi mov edi,cs:v86r_edi mov ebp,cs:v86r_ebp ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- icreal: ; real mode int, call, or IRQ db 66h,68h ; PUSH destination addx icrealm1 dd ? ; icrealm0 db ? ; CLI or STI retf ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- icreald: ; done with real int or call cli pushf pop cs:v86r_flags mov cs:v86r_eax,eax mov cs:v86r_ecx,ecx mov cs:v86r_edx,edx mov cs:v86r_ebx,ebx mov cs:v86r_esi,esi mov cs:v86r_edi,edi mov cs:v86r_ebp,ebp mov cs:v86r_ds,ds mov cs:v86r_es,es mov cs:v86r_fs,fs mov cs:v86r_gs,gs icreald2: mov ax,cs mov ds,ax icrealm2 label word ; return to pmode modifiable to JMP ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- mov ebx,ds:cp_savedstakoff ; DPMI return to pmode mov dx,ds:dp_savedstaksel mov edi,offset dp_int3_d mov si,ds:_selcode mov cx,dx mov ax,ds:_seldata jmp ds:d_switchaddx ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- VICREAL1D=(($-(icrealm2+2))shl 8)+0ebh v_icreal1d: ; VCPI return to pmode from safe mov edi,offset cp_int3_d ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; EDI=offset to jump to in code32 v_switchtopmode: ; VCPI switch to pmode mov ds:v_ss_dest,edi mov esi,offset v_ss_cr3 add esi,ds:_code16a mov ax,0de0ch int 67h ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- CICREAL1D=(($-(icrealm2+2))shl 8)+0ebh c_icreal1d: ; custom return to pmode from safe mov edi,offset cp_int3_d ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; EDI=offset in pmode to jump to c_retpmode: ; reenter 32bit pmode lgdt fword ptr c_gdt32addx ; set up pmode GDT and IDT lidt fword ptr c_idt32addx mov ds:gdt32task[5],89h ; set task as not busy mov eax,cr0 ; switch to pmode or al,1 mov cr0,eax db 0eah dw $+4,20h mov ax,30h ; load task register ltr ax jmp c_gotopmode ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- if ($-(icrealm2+2)) gt 127 err endif CICREAL0D=(($-(icrealm2+2))shl 8)+0ebh c_icreal0d: ; return to pmode from normal int 0ffh ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ int32: ; real mode INT32: EDX=off pushad push ds es fs gs cli mov ax,cs mov ds,ax mov ds:p_cpmodem0,edx mov al,[esp+45] shr al,1 and al,1 add al,0fah mov ds:p_cpmodem1,al push savedstakoff push savedstakseg movzx ebx,ds:nextmodestack lea eax,[ebx-STAKSAFE*16] mov ds:nextmodestack,ax add ebx,ds:realstackbase mov savedstakseg,ss int32m0 label word ; jump to pmode, modifiable ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- sub sp,ds:dp_savelen mov savedstakoff,sp mov ax,ss ; DPMI jump to pmode mov es,ax mov di,sp xor al,al call d_saveaddx mov ax,ds:_seldata mov cx,ax mov dx,ax mov edi,offset p_cpmode mov si,ds:_selcode jmp ds:d_switchaddx ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- VINT32=(($-(int32m0+2))shl 8)+0ebh v_int32: ; VCPI call pmode push ds:p_cpmodem2 mov ds:p_cpmodem2,VCPMODED mov savedstakoff,sp mov edi,offset p_cpmode1 jmp v_switchtopmode ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- if ($-(int32m0+2)) gt 127 err endif CINT32=(($-(int32m0+2))shl 8)+0ebh c_int32: ; raw/XMS call pmode push ds:p_cpmodem2 mov ds:p_cpmodem2,CCPMODED mov savedstakoff,sp mov edi,offset p_cpmode1 jmp c_retpmode ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ int32d0: ; DPMI done with pmode call mov di,sp mov al,1 call d_saveaddx add sp,ds:dp_savelen ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- int32d2: ; done from all pop savedstakseg pop savedstakoff add ds:nextmodestack,STAKSAFE*16 mov bx,ds:v86r_flags mov ax,[esp+44] and ax,not 8d5h and bx,8d5h or ax,bx mov [esp+44],ax pop gs fs es ds popad iret ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ int32d1: ; VCPI done with pmode call mov ss,savedstakseg pop ds:p_cpmodem2 jmp int32d2 ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ int32d3: ; raw/XMS done with pmode call mov c_retreal0m0,offset c_sicreal mov ax,cs mov ds,ax movzx esp,savedstakoff mov ss,savedstakseg pop ds:p_cpmodem2 jmp int32d2 ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── chek_VCPI: ; Chek for VCPI mov dx,offset v_emmname mov ax,3d00h int 21h jc short chekVCPIa mov bx,ax mov ax,4400h int 21h jc short chekVCPIa test dh,80h jz short chekVCPIa mov ax,4407h int 21h mov dl,al mov ah,3Eh int 21h cmp dl,0FFh jne short chekVCPIa mov bx,1 mov ah,43h int 67h ; or ah,ah ; jnz short chekVCPIa mov v_emshandle,dx mov ax,0de00h int 67h or ah,ah clc jz short chekVCPId mov ah,45h int 67h chekVCPIa: stc chekVCPId: ret ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── chek_processor: ; Detect if current processor 386 pushf xor ah,ah push ax popf pushf pop ax and ah,0f0h cmp ah,0f0h je short detectno386 mov ah,0f0h push ax popf pushf pop ax and ah,0f0h jz short detectno386 popf ret detectno386: mov dx,offset errmsg0 jmp short exit16err ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── chek_V86: ; Chek if already in V86 mode smsw ax test al,1 mov dx,offset errmsg2 jnz short exit16err ret ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── pregetlomem: ; Get low memory or abort add eax,ds:_lomembase mov ebx,ds:_lomemtop cmp eax,ebx ja short pregetlomema mov ecx,eax xchg eax,ds:_lomembase sub ebx,ecx cmp ebx,LOWMIN*1024 jb short pregetlomema ret pregetlomema: mov dx,offset errmsg1 ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── exit16err: ; Exit program with message mov ah,9 int 21h jmp exitrout ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- exit: ; Guess what??? mov ah,4ch int 21h ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ start16: ; Program begins here cli cld push cs pop ds call chek_processor ; is it at least a 386¿ mov ax,es ; set up a bunch of pointers movzx eax,ax shl eax,4 mov ds:_pspa,eax mov eax,code16 shl eax,4 mov ds:_code16a,eax or dword ptr ds:gdt32code16[2],eax or dword ptr ds:gdt32data16[2],eax mov ebx,code32 shl ebx,4 mov ds:_code32a,ebx or dword ptr ds:gdt32code32[2],ebx or dword ptr ds:gdt32data32[2],ebx add dword ptr ds:c_gdt32addx[2],ebx mov eax,codeend shl eax,4 sub eax,ebx mov ds:_lomembase,eax mov ds:realstackbase,eax movzx eax,word ptr es:[2] shl eax,4 sub eax,ebx mov ds:_lomemtop,eax mov eax,STAKLEN*16 ; get stack memory call pregetlomem push es ; save PSP seg (DPMI chek kills ES) pop fs mov ax,1687h ; chek for DPMI int 2fh or ax,ax jz d_start call chek_VCPI ; chek for VCPI jnc v_start call chek_V86 ; chek for V86 mode mov ax,4300h ; chek for XMS int 2fh cmp al,80h je x_start jmp c_start ; custom system start ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── enableA20: ; hardware enable gate A20 xor ax,ax mov fs,ax dec ax mov gs,ax call testA20 je short enableA20done in al,92h ; PS/2 A20 enable or al,2 jmp short $+2 jmp short $+2 jmp short $+2 out 92h,al call testA20 je short enableA20done call enableA20o1 ; AT A20 enable jnz short enableA20wait mov al,0d1h out 64h,al call enableA20o1 jnz short enableA20wait mov al,0dfh out 60h,al push offset enableA20wait enableA20o1: mov ecx,20000h enableA20o1l: jmp short $+2 jmp short $+2 jmp short $+2 in al,64h test al,2 loopnz enableA20o1l enableA20done: ret ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- enableA20wait: ; wait for A20 mov al,36h out 43h,al xor al,al out 40h,al out 40h,al mov cx,800h enableA20waitl0: call testA20 je enableA20done in al,40h in al,40h mov ah,al enableA20waitl1: in al,40h in al,40h cmp al,ah je enableA20waitl1 loop enableA20waitl0 mov dx,offset errmsg4 jmp exit16err ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- testA20: ; Test for enabled A20 mov al,fs:[0] mov ah,al not al mov gs:[10h],al cmp ah,fs:[0] mov fs:[0],ah ret ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ; BL=low PIC val, BH=high PIC val setintslots: ; set int nums in table to PIC vals mov edi,offset ds:intslottbl mov cl,8 setintslotsl0: mov [di],bl inc di inc bl dec cl jnz setintslotsl0 mov cl,8 setintslotsl1: mov [di],bh inc di inc bh dec cl jnz setintslotsl1 ret ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 16 bit DPMI system data ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ d_errmsg0 db 'DPMI host is not 32bit!!!',7,'$' d_errmsg1 db 'Ran out of DPMI descriptors!!!',7,'$' d_errmsg2 db 'Couldn''t set DPMI descriptors as needed!!!',7,'$' d_enterpmode dw ?,? ; DPMI switch to pmode addx d_pspsel dw ? ; stupid PSP selector d_oldenvsegsel dw ? ; stupid selector we dont want d_switchaddx dd ? ; switch to pmode addx d_saveaddx dd ? ; save/restore state addx d_nintoff dd offset dp_irq0,offset dp_irq1,offset dp_irq2,offset dp_irq3 dd offset dp_irq4,offset dp_irq5,offset dp_irq6,offset dp_irq7 dd offset dp_irq8,offset dp_irq9,offset dp_irqa,offset dp_irqb dd offset dp_irqc,offset dp_irqd,offset dp_irqe,offset dp_irqf dd offset dp_int33,offset dp_int32,offset dp_int33,offset dp_int32 ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 16 bit DPMI system code ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ d_retreal: ; Return to real mode mov ax,205h ; restore all int vektorz needed mov edi,19 d_retreall0: mov bl,ds:intslottbl[edi] lea ebp,[edi*2+edi] mov edx,dword ptr ds:dp_ointbuf[ebp*2] mov cx,word ptr ds:dp_ointbuf[ebp*2+4] int 31h sub di,1 jnc d_retreall0 jmp short d_exit ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── d_exit16err: ; DPMI Exit with error message mov ds:v86r_ds,code16 mov ds:v86r_ah,9 mov ax,300h mov bx,21h xor cx,cx mov edi,offset ds:v86r_edi push ds pop es int 31h ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── d_exit: ; DPMI exit to real mode mov es,d_pspsel ; restore env selector mov ax,d_oldenvsegsel mov es:[2ch],ax jmp exit ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ d_start: ; Start in a crappy DPMI system or ds:_sysbyte0,3 ; set system type DPMI byte test bl,1 ; must be 32bit DPMI mov dx,offset d_errmsg0 jz exit16err mov d_enterpmode[0],di ; store enter addx mov d_enterpmode[2],es push word ptr fs:[2ch] ; preserve old env seg movzx eax,si ; get mem for DPMI blok shl eax,4 call pregetlomem shr eax,4 add ax,code32 mov es,ax mov ax,1 ; switch to pmode call dword ptr d_enterpmode cli ; I don't trust DPMI mov dx,offset d_errmsg1 jc exit16err mov ds:v86r_dx,dx ; prepare for abort maybe pop ax ; swap old env seg with selector xchg ax,es:[2ch] mov d_oldenvsegsel,ax mov d_pspsel,es ; store stupid selectors mov ds:data16sel,ds mov ds:code16sel,cs mov ds:code16off,offset d_retreal ; set return to real mode addx mov ds:_setirqvect,offset dp_setirqvect ; modify some crap mov ds:_getirqvect,offset dp_getirqvect push ds ; no more need for PSP pop es mov ax,3 ; get selector increment value int 31h mov bx,ax xor ax,ax ; get 3 needed descriptors mov cx,3 int 31h jc d_exit16err mov si,ax ; set up descriptors mov ds:_selcode,ax lea ecx,[eax+ebx] mov ds:_seldata,cx lea ebp,[ecx+ebx] mov ds:_selzero,bp mov ds:v86r_dx,offset d_errmsg2 mov ax,0ch ; set descriptors from GDT mov bx,si mov edi,offset ds:gdt32code32 or byte ptr [edi+5],60h int 31h jc d_exit16err mov bx,cx mov edi,offset ds:gdt32data32 or byte ptr [edi+5],60h int 31h jc d_exit16err mov bx,bp mov edi,offset ds:gdt32zero32 or byte ptr [edi+5],60h int 31h jc d_exit16err mov es,cx ; ES, FS, and GS what they should be mov fs,cx mov gs,bp mov edi,ds:_lomembase ; chek and get extended memory mov eax,ds:_lomemtop sub eax,edi cmp eax,48 mov ds:v86r_dx,offset errmsg1 jb d_exit16err mov ax,500h int 31h mov eax,es:[edi+14h] cmp eax,-1 jne short d_startf0 mov eax,(EXTMIN+3) shr 2 d_startf0: shl eax,12 mov edx,eax shr eax,10 cmp eax,EXTMIN mov ds:v86r_dx,offset errmsg3 jb d_exit16err or edx,edx jz short d_startf1 mov cx,dx shld ebx,edx,16 mov ax,501h int 31h mov ds:v86r_dx,offset errmsg5 jc d_exit16err shl ebx,16 mov bx,cx sub ebx,ds:_code32a mov ds:_himembase,ebx add ebx,edx mov ds:_himemtop,ebx d_startf1: mov ax,305h ; get save/restore state addxs int 31h mov ds:dp_savelen,ax mov dword ptr ds:dp_saveaddx[0],edi mov word ptr ds:dp_saveaddx[4],si mov word ptr d_saveaddx[0],cx mov word ptr d_saveaddx[2],bx mov ax,306h ; get switch mode addxs int 31h mov dword ptr ds:dp_switchaddx[0],edi mov word ptr ds:dp_switchaddx[4],si mov word ptr d_switchaddx[0],cx mov word ptr d_switchaddx[2],bx mov ax,400h ; set IRQ handlers to PIC values int 31h xchg dl,dh mov bx,dx call setintslots mov ah,2 ; backup and set all int vektorz mov si,ds:_selcode mov edi,19 d_startl0: mov bl,ds:intslottbl[edi] mov al,4 int 31h lea ebp,[edi*2+edi] mov dword ptr ds:dp_ointbuf[ebp*2],edx mov word ptr ds:dp_ointbuf[ebp*2+4],cx mov al,5 mov edx,d_nintoff[edi*4] mov cx,si int 31h sub di,1 jnc d_startl0 mov ax,es ; set up needed regs & go on to 32bit mov ss,ax add esp,ds:realstackbase mov ds,ax push dword ptr cs:_selcode push offset p_start db 66h,0cbh ; 32bit RETF ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 16bit VCPI system data ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ v_errmsg0 db 'Incompatible VCPI PIC mappings!!!',7,'$' v_emmname db 'EMMXXXX0',0 ; EMS device name v_emshandle dw ? ; one page allocated to turn on v_pagedirseg dw ? ; seg of page directory v_pagebase dw 0 ; first page of himem (*4)+1000h v_pagetop dw 0 ; top page of himem (*4)+1000h v_ss_cr3 dd ? ; new CR3 for pmode (physical) v_ss_gdtaddxptr dw c_gdt32addx,0 ; ptr to GDT data for pmode v_ss_idtaddxptr dw c_idt32addx,0 ; ptr to IDT data for pmode v_ss_ldtsel dw 0 ; don't need no stinkin LDTs v_ss_trsel dw 30h ; task state segment selector v_ss_dest dd ? ; start in pmode EIP dw 20h ; start in pmode CS ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 16bit VCPI system code ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ v_retreal: ; VCPI return to real mode movzx edi,exitrout mov esi,esp sub esi,ds:realstackbase mov cx,code16 ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ ; EDI=offset to jump to, ESI=real mode stack ptr, CX=real mode DS v_retreal0: ; VCPI go to real mode sub esp,8 push ecx push dword ptr ds:v86r_es dw 06866h,codeend,0 ; PUSH dword codeend push esi pushfd dw 06866h,code16,0 ; PUSH dword code16 push edi mov ax,gs mov ds,ax mov ax,0de0ch call cs:vp_vcpipmentry ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── v_exit2: ; VCPI exit (clean up pages) mov es,v_pagedirseg mov si,v_pagebase mov cx,v_pagetop sub cx,si jz short v_exit v_exit2l0: mov edx,es:[si] and dx,0f000h mov ax,0de05h int 67h add si,4 sub cx,4 jnz v_exit2l0 ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── v_exit: ; VCPI exit (clean up EMS page) mov ah,45h mov dx,v_emshandle int 67h jmp exit ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── v_exiterr1: ; VCPI not enough low mem exit mov dx,offset errmsg1 jmp exit16err ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ v_start: ; start continues from VCPI or ds:_sysbyte0,2 ; set system type VCPI byte mov ds:code16off,offset v_retreal ; VCPI return to real mode mov c_idt32handler[48h],offset vp_int33 ; VCPI safe int handlers mov c_idt32handler[4ch],offset vp_int32 mov ds:cp_v86irqintr[4],offset vp_int33f0 ; VCPI IRQ safe int routine mov int32m0,VINT32 ; VCPI real INT32 mov exitrout,offset v_exit ; set EMS cleanup exit mov ax,0de0ah ; get PIC mappings int 67h mov bh,cl mov dx,offset v_errmsg0 ; chek for compatible PIC mapping cmp bl,bh je exit16err cmp bl,30h je exit16err cmp bh,30h je exit16err mov ax,70h ; compatible, get highest needed num cmp al,bl ja short v_startf1 mov al,bl v_startf1: cmp al,bh ja short v_startf2 mov al,bh v_startf2: add al,7 mov c_numofintvects,al lea eax,[eax*8+7] ; set limit of IDT mov c_idt32addx,ax call setintslots ; set int slots needed movzx eax,ax add eax,2068h+1 call pregetlomem ; allocate TSS, IO bitmap, and IDT mov ds:cp_tssesp0ptr,eax mov eax,ds:_code16a ; adjust mode switch structure add dword ptr v_ss_gdtaddxptr,eax add dword ptr v_ss_idtaddxptr,eax mov exitrout,offset v_exit2 ; set VCPI cleanup exit mov eax,ds:_lomembase ; align lomem base on a page mov ebx,ds:_code32a add ebx,eax lea ecx,[ebx+0fffh] and ecx,0fffff000h sub ebx,ecx sub eax,ebx mov ds:_lomembase,eax mov ebp,ds:_lomemtop ; get available low memory sub ebp,eax sub ebp,LOWMIN*1024 ; die if not enough jc v_exiterr1 cmp ebp,8192 jb v_exiterr1 shld eax,ecx,28 ; get segment and clear all pages mov v_pagedirseg,ax mov es,ax xor di,di mov cx,2048 xor eax,eax rep stos dword ptr es:[di] mov di,1000h ; get VCPI pmode interface mov esi,offset ds:gdt32vcpi mov ax,0de01h int 67h mov dword ptr ds:vp_vcpipmentry,ebx mov v_pagebase,di ; set up and go through allocation mov v_pagetop,di movzx eax,di sub eax,1000h shl eax,10 mov ebp,ds:_code32a sub eax,ebp mov ds:_himembase,eax mov ebx,8192 v_startl2: mov ax,0de04h int 67h or ah,ah jnz short v_startl2d test di,0fffh jnz short v_startf4 add ebx,4096 cmp ebx,ebp ja v_exiterr1 v_startf4: and dx,0f000h or dl,7 mov es:[di],edx add di,4 jnc v_startl2 v_startl2d: mov v_pagetop,di lea si,[di-1000h] movzx eax,si shl eax,10 sub eax,ebp ; EBP=_code32a mov ds:_himemtop,eax sub di,v_pagebase cmp di,EXTMIN mov dx,offset errmsg3 jb exit16err add ds:_lomembase,ebx movzx ebx,v_pagedirseg ; set up physical addresses shr ebx,8 mov eax,es:[ebx*4+1000h] mov v_ss_cr3,eax xor di,di v_startl3: inc ebx mov eax,es:[ebx*4+1000h] and ax,0f000h or al,7 stos dword ptr es:[di] sub si,1000h ja v_startl3 mov edi,offset c_startf1 ; offset to jump to in pmode mov ebx,ds:cp_tssesp0ptr jmp v_switchtopmode ; duh? ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 16 bit XMS system data ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ x_calladdx dd ? ; XMS driver addx x_handle dw ? ; XMS handle of extended memory ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 16 bit XMS system code ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── x_exit: ; XMS exit (clean up allocation) mov ax,cs mov ds,ax mov dx,x_handle mov ah,0dh call x_calladdx mov ah,0ah call x_calladdx jmp exit ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── x_exiterr5: ; exit with error message 5 mov dx,offset errmsg5 jmp exit16err ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ x_start: ; start in an XMS system or ds:_sysbyte0,1 ; set system type XMS byte mov ax,4310h ; get XMS driver addx int 2fh mov word ptr x_calladdx[0],bx mov word ptr x_calladdx[2],es mov ah,3 ; XMS enable A20 call x_calladdx or ax,ax mov dx,offset errmsg4 jz exit16err mov ah,8 ; chek and get extended memory call x_calladdx sub ax,64 jnc short x_startf0 xor ax,ax x_startf0: cmp ax,EXTMIN mov dx,offset errmsg3 jb exit16err mov dx,ax movzx ecx,ax shl ecx,10 mov ah,9 call x_calladdx or ax,ax jz x_exiterr5 mov x_handle,dx mov exitrout,offset x_exit mov ah,0ch call x_calladdx or ax,ax jz x_exiterr5 shrd eax,edx,16 mov ax,bx sub eax,ds:_code32a mov ds:_himembase,eax add eax,ecx mov ds:_himemtop,eax jmp c_startf0 ; go on to custom start ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 16 bit custom system data ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ c_idt16addx dw 3ffh, 0,0 ; default real mode IDT addx&limit c_idt32addx dw 3bfh, ?,? ; 32bit IDT addx&limit c_gdt32addx dw 04fh ; 32bit GDT addx&limit dd offset gdt32 ; c_numofintvects db 77h ; number of int vects needed -1 c_idt32handler dd offset cp_irq0,offset cp_irq1,offset cp_irq2,offset cp_irq3 dd offset cp_irq4,offset cp_irq5 dd offset cp_irq6,offset cp_irq7,offset cp_irq8,offset cp_irq9 dd offset cp_irqa,offset cp_irqb dd offset cp_irqc,offset cp_irqd,offset cp_irqe,offset cp_irqf dd offset cp_int35,offset cp_int34,offset cp_int33,offset cp_int32,offset cp_int31 dd offset cp_exc0,offset cp_exc1,offset cp_exc2,offset cp_exc3 dd offset cp_exc4,offset cp_exc5 dd offset cp_exc6,offset cp_exc7,offset cp_exc8,offset cp_exc9 dd offset cp_exca,offset cp_excb dd offset cp_excc,offset cp_excd,offset cp_exce ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 16 bit custom system code ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c_irqreal: ; real mode IRQ pushf push cs push offset icreald2 jmp icreal ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- c_retreal1: ; load some real mode stuff & exit mov ax,codeend mov ss,ax mov esp,STAKLEN*10h jmp exitrout ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c_retreal0: ; load real mode IDT and set PE=0 mov ax,28h mov ds,ax mov es,ax mov fs,ax mov gs,ax mov ss,ax lidt fword ptr c_idt16addx mov eax,cr0 and al,0feh mov cr0,eax db 0eah ; JMP FAR PTR c_retreal0m0 c_retreal0m0 dw c_sicreal,code16 ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- c_sicreal: ; safe real mode int or call mov ax,codeend mov ss,ax mov ds,cs:v86r_ds mov es,cs:v86r_es db 0eah ; JMP FAR PTR c_sicrealm0 c_sicrealm0 dw ?,code16; ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c_retreal: ; return to real mode mov c_retreal0m0,offset c_retreal1 mov esp,STAKLEN*10h jmp c_retreal0 ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c_start: ; custom only start call enableA20 ; enable that stupid A20 thingy mov ah,88h ; chek and get extended mem int 15h cmp ax,EXTMIN mov dx,offset errmsg3 jb exit16err movzx eax,ax shl eax,10 mov ebx,100000h sub ebx,ds:_code32a mov ds:_himembase,ebx add eax,ebx mov ds:_himemtop,eax ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ c_startf0: ; start continues from custom or XMS mov int32m0,CINT32 ; raw/XMS real INT32 mov eax,2428h ; allocate TSS, IO bitmap, and IDT call pregetlomem mov ebx,eax lgdt fword ptr c_gdt32addx ; switch to pmode mov eax,cr0 or al,1 mov cr0,eax db 0eah dw $+4,20h ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ; EBX->TSS c_startf1: ; in 16bit pmode mov ax,28h ; set up segregs mov ds,ax mov al,18h mov gs,ax mov al,10h mov es,ax mov fs,ax mov ss,ax mov esp,STAKLEN*16 add esp,ds:realstackbase mov word ptr v_ss_dest[4],8 ; VCPI enter 32bit pmode from now on lea eax,[ebx+4] ; addx of ESP0 in TSS mov ds:cp_tssesp0ptr,eax mov ebp,ds:_code32a ; TSS location in mem to GDT lea eax,[ebx+ebp] mov ecx,offset ds:gdt32task ; set up task or dword ptr ds:[ecx+2],eax mov byte ptr ds:[ecx+5],89h mov cx,30h ltr cx add eax,2068h ; set up IDT mov ecx,offset c_idt32addx mov dword ptr [ecx+2],eax lidt fword ptr [ecx] mov dword ptr es:[ebx+8],10h ; set up TSS stuff (EBX->TSS) mov edi,104 mov es:[ebx+102],di mov word ptr es:[ebx+100],0 add edi,ebx ; fill IO bitmap with 0 xor eax,eax mov ecx,800h rep stos dword ptr es:[edi] mov ds:cp_idt32ptr,edi ; set up blank IDT entries movzx esi,c_numofintvects c_startl0: mov dword ptr es:[edi+esi*8],80000h+offset cp_excf mov dword ptr es:[edi+esi*8+4],8e00h sub si,1 jnc c_startl0 mov si,23h ; necessary IDT entries c_startl1: movzx ebp,ds:intslottbl[esi] mov eax,c_idt32handler[esi*4] cmp bp,13 jne short c_startl1c mov ds:cp_int13vect,eax mov eax,offset cp_excd c_startl1c: mov es:[edi+ebp*8],ax sub si,1 jnc c_startl1 mov edi,offset p_start ; set up regs & go on to 32bit mov ax,10h mov ds,ax ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- c_gotopmode: ; jump to 32bit pmode pushfd ; set eflags: NT=0, IOPL=3 pop eax and ah,0bfh or ah,30h push eax popfd dw 6866h,8,0 ; PUSH dword 8 push edi db 66h,0cbh ; 32bit RETF code16 ends ;▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ ; 32bit pmode code ;▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ code32 segment para public use32 assume cs:code32, ds:code32 org 0 extrn _main:near public _exit, _ret, _getmem, _getlomem, _gethimem, _lomemsize, _himemsize public _getirqmask, _setirqmask public v86r_eax, v86r_ebx, v86r_ecx, v86r_edx, v86r_esi, v86r_edi, v86r_ebp public v86r_ax, v86r_bx, v86r_cx, v86r_dx, v86r_si, v86r_di, v86r_bp public v86r_al, v86r_ah, v86r_bl, v86r_bh, v86r_cl, v86r_ch, v86r_dl, v86r_dh public v86r_ds, v86r_es, v86r_fs, v86r_gs public _selcode, _seldata, _selzero, _lomembase, _lomemtop, _himembase public _himemtop, _pspa, _code16a, _code32a, _getirqvect, _setirqvect public _sysbyte0, _irqmode ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 32 bit common system data ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ _lomembase dd ? ; low mem base for allocation _lomemtop dd ? ; top of low mem _himembase dd 0 ; high mem base for allocation _himemtop dd 0 ; top of high mem _pspa dd ? ; offset of start of PSP from 0 _code16a dd ? ; offset of start of 16bit code from 0 _code32a dd ? ; offset of start of 32bit code from 0 _selcode dw 8 ; code segment selector _seldata dw 10h ; data segment alias for code _selzero dw 18h ; data segment starting at 0:0 _irqmode dw 0ffffh ; IRQ mode bits: 0=normal, 1=safe db 0ffh ; misc byte, has to follow _irqmode _sysbyte0 db 0 ; system bits: ; 0-1: 0=raw, 1=XMS, 2=VCPI, 3=DPMI _getirqvect dd cp_getirqvect ; get IRQ handler offset routine addx _setirqvect dd cp_setirqvect ; set IRQ handler offset routine addx gdt32 dq 0 gdt32code32 db 0ffh,0ffh,0,0,0,9ah,0cfh,0 gdt32data32 db 0ffh,0ffh,0,0,0,92h,0cfh,0 gdt32zero32 db 0ffh,0ffh,0,0,0,92h,0cfh,0 gdt32code16 db 0ffh,0ffh,0,0,0,9ah,0,0 gdt32data16 db 0ffh,0ffh,0,0,0,92h,0,0 gdt32task db 0ffh,0ffh,0,0,0,89h,0,0 gdt32vcpi dq 3 dup(?) v86r_edi label dword ; vregs for pmode<>real communication v86r_di dw ?, ? ; needz to stay this way cuz its a v86r_esi label dword ; stupid DPMI structure thingy v86r_si dw ?, ? v86r_ebp label dword v86r_bp dw ?, ? dd 0 v86r_ebx label dword v86r_bx label word v86r_bl db ? v86r_bh db ?, ?,? v86r_edx label dword v86r_dx label word v86r_dl db ? v86r_dh db ?, ?,? v86r_ecx label dword v86r_cx label word v86r_cl db ? v86r_ch db ?, ?,? v86r_eax label dword v86r_ax label word v86r_al db ? v86r_ah db ?, ?,? v86r_flags dw ? v86r_es dw ? v86r_ds dw ? v86r_fs dw ? v86r_gs dw ? dd 0,0 oint1bvect dd ? ; old real int 1bh vektor (ctrl+break) oint32vect dd ? ; old real int 32h vector oirqmask dw ? ; old port 21h and 0a1h masks intslottbl db 8,9,0ah,0bh,0ch,0dh,0eh,0fh,70h,71h,72h,73h,74h,75h,76h,77h db 35h,34h,33h,32h,31h,0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,0ah,0bh,0ch,0dh,0eh code16off dw c_retreal ; offset in 16bit of exit function code16sel dw 20h ; 16bit pmode code selector data16sel dw 28h ; 16bit pmode data selector nextmodestack dw (STAKLEN-STAKSAFE)*16 ; stack for next mode switch realstackbase dd ? ; linear ptr to beginning of codeend ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 32 bit common system code ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ p_cpmode2: ; call pmode from V86 mov gs,cx mov cl,10h mov ds,cx mov es,cx mov fs,cx sub nextmodestack,STAKSAFE*16 push p_cpmodem2 mov p_cpmodem2,V86CPMODED mov eax,[esp+22] mov p_cpmodem0,eax mov al,[esp+43] shr al,1 and al,1 add al,0fah mov p_cpmodem1,al jmp short p_cpmode ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ p_cpmode1: ; call pmode, load all mov esp,ebx mov ax,10h mov ds,ax mov es,ax mov ss,ax ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- p_cpmode0: ; call pmode, load FS and GS mov fs,_seldata mov gs,_selzero ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- p_cpmode: ; call pmode routine from real push offset p_cpmoded cld mov eax,v86r_eax mov ecx,v86r_ecx mov edx,v86r_edx mov ebx,v86r_ebx mov esi,v86r_esi mov edi,v86r_edi mov ebp,v86r_ebp db 68h ; PUSH destination address p_cpmodem0 dd ? ; p_cpmodem1 db ? ; CLI or STI ret ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- p_cpmoded: ; call to pmode done cli pushf pop v86r_flags mov v86r_eax,eax mov v86r_ecx,ecx mov v86r_edx,edx mov v86r_ebx,ebx mov v86r_esi,esi mov v86r_edi,edi mov v86r_ebp,ebp mov ecx,_code16a p_cpmodem2 label word ; return to real, modifiable to JMP ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- movzx ebx,gs:savedstakoff[ecx] ; DPMI return to real mode mov dx,gs:savedstakseg[ecx] mov ax,code16 mov cx,dx mov si,ax mov edi,offset int32d0 jmp dp_switchaddx ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- VCPMODED=(($-(p_cpmodem2+2))shl 8)+0ebh p_cpmoded2: ; VCPI done with pmode movzx esi,gs:savedstakoff[ecx] mov cx,code16 mov edi,offset int32d1 db 0eah ; 16bit JMP FAR 20h:v_retreal0 dw v_retreal0,0,20h ; ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- CCPMODED=(($-(p_cpmodem2+2))shl 8)+0ebh p_cpmoded3: ; raw/XMS done with pmode mov gs:c_retreal0m0[ecx],offset int32d3 db 0eah ; 16bit JMP FAR 20h:c_retreal0 dw c_retreal0,0,20h ; ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- if ($-(p_cpmodem2+2)) gt 127 err endif V86CPMODED=(($-(p_cpmodem2+2))shl 8)+0ebh p_cpmoded4: ; V86 done with pmode pop p_cpmodem2 jmp cp_int3_d3 ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ p_start: ; common 32bit start mov eax,gs:[1bh*4] ; neutralize crtl+break mov oint1bvect,eax db 65h,67h,0c7h,6 ; MOV DWORD PTR GS:[1bh*4],code16:nullint dw 1bh*4,nullint,code16 ; mov eax,gs:[32h*4] ; set up for new real mode INT32 mov oint32vect,eax db 65h,67h,0c7h,6 ; MOV DWORD PTR GS:[32h*4],code16:int32 dw 32h*4,int32,code16 ; in al,21h ; save old PIC masks mov ah,al in al,0a1h mov oirqmask,ax jmp _main ; go to main code ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ ; Allocate any mem, (first cheks low, then high) ; In: ; EAX - size requested ; Out: ; CF=0 - memory allocated ; CF=1 - not enough mem ; EAX - linear pointer to mem or ? ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ _getmem: push eax call _getlomem jnc short getmemd pop eax jmp short _gethimem getmemd: add esp,4 _ret: ; generic RET instruction ret ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ ; Allocate some low mem ; In: ; EAX - size requested ; Out: ; CF=0 - memory allocated ; CF=1 - not enough mem ; EAX - linear pointer to mem or ? ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ _getlomem: add eax,_lomembase cmp eax,_lomemtop ja short getmemerr xchg eax,_lomembase clc ret getmemerr: stc ret ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ ; Allocate some high mem ; In: ; EAX - size requested ; Out: ; CF=0 - memory allocated ; CF=1 - not enough mem ; EAX - linear pointer to mem or ? ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ _gethimem: add eax,_himembase cmp eax,_himemtop ja short getmemerr xchg eax,_himembase clc ret ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ ; Get amount of free low mem ; Out: ; EAX - number of bytes free ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ _lomemsize: mov eax,_lomemtop sub eax,_lomembase ret ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ ; Get amount of free high mem ; Out: ; EAX - number of bytes free ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ _himemsize: mov eax,_himemtop sub eax,_himembase ret ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ ; Get status of IRQ mask bit ; In: ; BL - IRQ num (0-15) ; Out: ; AL - status: 0=enabled, 1=disabled ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ _getirqmask: push ax in al,0a1h mov ah,al in al,21h xchg cl,bl shr ax,cl xchg cl,bl and al,1 mov [esp],al pop ax ret ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ ; Set status of IRQ mask bit ; In: ; BL - IRQ num (0-15) ; AL - status: 0=enabled, 1=disabled ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ _setirqmask: push ax bx cx dx mov cl,bl mov bx,0fffeh movzx dx,al rol bx,cl shl dx,cl in al,0a1h mov ah,al in al,21h and ax,bx or ax,dx out 21h,al mov al,ah out 0a1h,al pop dx cx bx ax ret ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ ; Exit to real mode ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ _exit: cli mov eax,oint1bvect ; restore ctrl+break mov gs:[1bh*4],eax mov eax,oint32vect ; restore real mode int 32h vector mov gs:[32h*4],eax mov ax,oirqmask ; restore PIC masks out 0a1h,al mov al,ah out 21h,al push code16sel ; go to 16bit pmode exit code push code16off mov ds,data16sel db 66h,0cbh ; 16bit RETF ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 32 bit DPMI system data ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ dp_switchaddx df ? ; switch to real mode addx dp_saveaddx df ? ; save/restore state addx dp_savelen dw 0,0 ; length of state buffer dp_savedstaksel dw ? ; current saved stack selector dp_ointbuf df 20 dup(?) ; saved interrupt addx buffer ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 32 bit DPMI system code ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ dp_int32: ; DPMI INT32/34: CX:DX=seg:off pushad shl ecx,16 mov cx,dx mov bp,offset callreal mov dl,1 jmp short dp_int3_ ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ dp_int33: ; DPMI INT33/35: AL=int num pushad movzx eax,al mov ecx,gs:[eax*4] mov bp,offset intreal xor dl,dl ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- dp_int3_: ; DPMI int or call to real mode mov ax,900h int 31h push ax and al,dl add al,0fah mov ebx,_code16a mov gs:icrealm0[ebx],al mov gs:icrealm1[ebx],ecx push cp_savedstakoff push dp_savedstaksel movzx ebx,nextmodestack lea eax,[ebx-STAKSAFE*16] mov nextmodestack,ax mov ax,ss mov es,ax sub esp,dword ptr dp_savelen mov edi,esp xor al,al call dp_saveaddx mov cp_savedstakoff,esp mov dp_savedstaksel,ss mov dx,codeend mov ax,v86r_ds mov cx,v86r_es movzx edi,bp mov si,code16 jmp dp_switchaddx ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- dp_int3_d: ; done with real mode int or call mov edi,esp mov al,1 call dp_saveaddx add esp,dword ptr dp_savelen pop dp_savedstaksel pop cp_savedstakoff add nextmodestack,STAKSAFE*16 mov bx,v86r_flags pop ax int 31h mov ax,ds mov es,ax mov fs,ax mov gs,_selzero jmp cp_int3_d2 ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ ; DPMI IRQ redirectors (needed to make all IRQ vector selectors = CS) dp_irq0: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[0] dp_irq1: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[6] dp_irq2: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[12] dp_irq3: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[18] dp_irq4: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[24] dp_irq5: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[30] dp_irq6: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[36] dp_irq7: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[42] dp_irq8: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[48] dp_irq9: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[54] dp_irqa: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[60] dp_irqb: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[66] dp_irqc: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[72] dp_irqd: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[78] dp_irqe: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[84] dp_irqf: jmp cs:dp_ointbuf[90] ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ ; DPMI get IRQ handler offset ; In: ; BL - IRQ num (0-0fh) ; Out: ; EDX - offset of IRQ handler ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ dp_getirqvect: push ax ebx cx movzx ebx,bl mov bl,intslottbl[ebx] mov ax,204h int 31h pop cx ebx ax ret ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ ; DPMI set IRQ handler offset ; In: ; BL - IRQ num (0-0fh) ; EDX - offset of IRQ handler ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ dp_setirqvect: push ax ebx cx movzx ebx,bl mov bl,intslottbl[ebx] mov cx,cs mov ax,205h int 31h pop cx ebx ax ret ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 32 bit custom/XMS/VCPI system data ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ vp_vcpipmentry df 3800000000h ; VCPI entry point in pmode cp_tssesp0ptr dd 0 ; ptr to ESP0 in TSS, or null in VCPI cp_idt32ptr dd ? ; ptr to 32bit IDT cp_int13vect dd 0 ; interrupt vektor 13 ptr cp_validirqesp dd 0 ; valid IRQ ESP value for exc 13 cp_v86irqintr dd cp_int35f1,cp_int33f0 ; IRQ int call routines cp_v86irqnum db ? ; IRQ num for V86 mode cp_v86irqmode db ? ; IRQ mode for V86 mode (safe/norm) cp_savedstakoff dd ? ; current saved stack offset ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ; 32 bit custom/XMS/VCPI system code ;▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒▒ ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ cp_int31: ; INT 31h: AX=900h,901h,902h cmp al,1 mov al,[esp+9] jb short cp_int31f0 ja short cp_int31f1 or byte ptr [esp+9],2 jmp short cp_int31f1 cp_int31f0: and byte ptr [esp+9],0fdh cp_int31f1: shr al,1 and al,1 iretd ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ vp_int32: ; VCPI INT 32h: safe CX:DX=seg:off pushad mov ebp,offset callreal mov si,VICREAL1D mov bl,2 jmp short cp_int34f0 ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ vp_int33: ; VCPI INT 33h: safe AL=int num pushad mov ebp,offset intreal ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- vp_int33f0: mov si,VICREAL1D mov bl,2 jmp short cp_int35f0 ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ cp_int32: ; INT 32h: safe CX:DX=seg:off pushad mov ebp,offset callreal mov si,CICREAL1D mov bl,1 jmp short cp_int34f0 ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ cp_int33: ; INT 33h: safe AL=int num pushad mov ebp,offset intreal ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_int33f0: mov si,CICREAL1D mov bl,1 jmp short cp_int35f0 ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ cp_int34: ; INT 34h: normal CX:DX=seg:off pushad mov ebp,offset callreal mov si,CICREAL0D xor bl,bl ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_int34f0: shl ecx,16 mov cx,dx mov bh,1 jmp short cp_int3_ ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ cp_int35: ; INT 35h: normal AL=int num pushad mov ebp,offset intreal ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_int35f1: mov si,CICREAL0D xor bl,bl ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_int35f0: movzx eax,al mov ecx,gs:[eax*4] xor bh,bh ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_int3_: ; int or call to real mode mov edi,[esp+40] shld eax,edi,23 and al,bh add al,0fah mov edx,_code16a mov gs:icrealm0[edx],al mov gs:icrealm1[edx],ecx xchg gs:icrealm2[edx],si push si movzx esi,nextmodestack lea eax,[esi-STAKSAFE*16] mov nextmodestack,ax add eax,realstackbase mov edx,cp_tssesp0ptr push dword ptr [edx] mov [edx],eax sub eax,36 push cp_validirqesp mov cp_validirqesp,eax push cp_savedstakoff mov cp_savedstakoff,esp cmp bl,1 jb short cp_int3_n ja short vp_int3_s ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_int3_s: ; safe real mode int or call mov edx,_code16a mov gs:c_sicrealm0[edx],bp mov esp,esi db 0eah ; 16bit JMP FAR 20h:c_retreal0 dw c_retreal0,0,20h ; ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- vp_int3_s: ; safe VCPI real mode int or call mov edi,ebp mov cx,v86r_ds mov ax,28h mov ds,ax db 0eah ; 16bit JMP FAR 20h:v_retreal0 dw v_retreal0,0,20h ; ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_int3_n: ; normal real mode int or call sub esp,8 push dword ptr v86r_ds push dword ptr v86r_es db 68h ; 32bit PUSH codeend dd codeend ; push esi or edi,20000h and di,0fdffh push edi db 68h ; 32bit PUSH code16 dd code16 ; push ebp iretd ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_int3_d: ; done with real mode int or call mov ax,18h mov gs,ax mov ax,10h mov ds,ax mov es,ax mov fs,ax mov ss,ax mov esp,cp_savedstakoff pop cp_savedstakoff pop cp_validirqesp mov ebx,cp_tssesp0ptr pop dword ptr [ebx] mov ebx,_code16a pop gs:icrealm2[ebx] ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_int3_d3: ; done from real mode pmode call add nextmodestack,STAKSAFE*16 mov bx,v86r_flags ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_int3_d2: ; done from DPMI also mov ax,[esp+40] and ax,not 8d5h and bx,8d5h or ax,bx mov [esp+40],ax popad iretd ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ cp_excd: ; general protection violation cmp esp,cs:cp_validirqesp ; source an IRQ or exception¿ jne short cp_excdf0 jmp cs:cp_int13vect cp_excdf0: test byte ptr [esp+14],2 ; exception, from V86? jnz short cp_excdv86 pushad ; nope, pmode exception mov al,0dh jmp cp_exc ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_excdv86: ; violation from V86 mode add esp,4 pushad mov cx,18h mov ds,cx movzx ebx,word ptr [esp+36] shl ebx,4 add ebx,[esp+32] inc word ptr [esp+32] mov al,[ebx] mov edx,3 cmp al,0cch je short cp_v86int mov dl,4 cmp al,0ceh je short cp_v86int inc word ptr [esp+32] mov dl,[ebx+1] cmp dl,32h je p_cpmode2 cmp dl,0ffh je cp_int3_d ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_v86int: ; need to simulate a real mode int movzx ebx,word ptr [esp+48] shl ebx,4 sub word ptr [esp+44],6 add ebx,[esp+44] mov ax,[esp+40] mov [ebx+4],ax and ah,0fch mov [esp+41],ah mov ax,[esp+36] mov [ebx+2],ax mov ax,[esp+32] mov [ebx],ax mov eax,[edx*4] mov [esp+32],ax shr eax,16 mov [esp+36],ax popad iretd ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ ; all exceptions except 0dh. all are terminal, others are redirected. cp_exc0: push eax mov ax,1000h jmp cp_irq cp_exc1: push eax mov ax,1001h jmp cp_irq cp_exc2: push eax mov ax,1002h jmp cp_irq cp_exc3: pushad mov al,3 jmp short cp_exc cp_exc4: pushad mov al,4 jmp short cp_exc cp_exc5: push eax mov ax,1005h jmp cp_irq cp_exc6: pushad mov al,6 jmp short cp_exc cp_exc7: push eax mov ax,1007h jmp cp_irq cp_exc8: pushad mov al,8 jmp short cp_exc cp_exc9: pushad mov al,9 jmp short cp_exc cp_exca: pushad mov al,0ah jmp short cp_exc cp_excb: pushad mov al,0bh jmp short cp_exc cp_excc: pushad mov al,0ch jmp short cp_exc cp_exce: pushad mov al,0eh jmp short cp_exc cp_excf: pushad mov al,0ffh ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_exc: ; main exception handler mov ax,10h mov ds,ax mov es,ax mov fs,ax mov gs,_selzero cld jmp _exit ;═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════ ; IRQ redirector between modes cp_irq0: push eax mov ax,0008h jmp short cp_irq cp_irq1: push eax mov ax,0109h jmp short cp_irq cp_irq2: push eax mov ax,020ah jmp short cp_irq cp_irq3: push eax mov ax,030bh jmp short cp_irq cp_irq4: push eax mov ax,040ch jmp short cp_irq cp_irq5: push eax mov ax,050dh jmp short cp_irq cp_irq6: push eax mov ax,060eh jmp short cp_irq cp_irq7: push eax mov ax,070fh jmp short cp_irq cp_irq8: push eax mov ax,0870h jmp short cp_irq cp_irq9: push eax mov ax,0971h jmp short cp_irq cp_irqa: push eax mov ax,0a72h jmp short cp_irq cp_irqb: push eax mov ax,0b73h jmp short cp_irq cp_irqc: push eax mov ax,0c74h jmp short cp_irq cp_irqd: push eax mov ax,0d75h jmp short cp_irq cp_irqe: push eax mov ax,0e76h jmp short cp_irq cp_irqf: push eax mov ax,0f77h ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── cp_irq: ; main IRQ handler thingy mov ss:cp_v86irqnum,al movzx eax,ah bt dword ptr ss:_irqmode,eax setc ss:cp_v86irqmode pop eax test byte ptr [esp+10],2 jnz short cp_irqv86 push ds es fs gs ; real mode IRQ from pmode pushfd push cs push offset cp_irqpd pushad mov ax,10h mov ds,ax mov al,18h mov gs,ax mov al,cp_v86irqnum mov ebp,offset c_irqreal movzx ebx,cp_v86irqmode jmp cp_v86irqintr[ebx*4] cp_irqpd: pop gs fs es ds iretd ;───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── cp_irqv86: ; IRQ from V86, safe or norm redirect cmp cs:cp_v86irqmode,0 jne short cp_irqv86s pushad ; normal IRQ redirection mov ax,18h mov ds,ax movzx edx,ss:cp_v86irqnum jmp cp_v86int ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_irqv86s: ; safe IRQ redirection pushfd push cs push offset cp_irqv86sd pushad mov ax,10h mov ds,ax mov al,18h mov gs,ax sub nextmodestack,STAKSAFE*16 mov al,cp_v86irqnum mov ebp,offset c_irqreal jmp cp_v86irqintr[4] ;----------------------------------------------------------------------------- cp_irqv86sd: ; done with safe IRQ add nextmodestack,STAKSAFE*16 iretd ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ ; Custom get IRQ handler offset ; In: ; BL - IRQ num (0-0fh) ; Out: ; EDX - offset of IRQ handler ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ cp_getirqvect: push ebx pushf cli movzx ebx,bl mov bl,intslottbl[ebx] cmp bl,13 je short cp_getirqvectf0 lea ebx,[ebx*8] add ebx,cp_idt32ptr mov dx,[ebx+6] shl edx,16 mov dx,[ebx] cp_getirqvectd: popf pop ebx ret cp_getirqvectf0: mov edx,cp_int13vect jmp short cp_getirqvectd ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ ; Custom set IRQ handler offset ; In: ; BL - IRQ num (0-0fh) ; EDX - offset of IRQ handler ;░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░░ cp_setirqvect: push ebx pushf cli movzx ebx,bl mov bl,intslottbl[ebx] cmp bl,13 je short cp_setirqvectf0 lea ebx,[ebx*8] add ebx,cp_idt32ptr mov [ebx],dx shr edx,16 mov [ebx+6],dx cp_setirqvectd: popf pop ebx ret cp_setirqvectf0: mov cp_int13vect,edx jmp short cp_setirqvectd code32 ends ;▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ ; End of program (must be at end of program or you will suffer) ;▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ codeend segment para stack use32 'stack' db STAKLEN*16 dup(?) codeend ends end start16